CarMax (NYSE:KMX) released first-quarter financial results and hosted an earnings call on Wednesday. Read the complete transcript below.
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Summary
CarMax reported total sales of $8 billion for the first quarter of fiscal 2027, marking a 6.2% increase from the previous year.
The company introduced a new growth strategy centered on four pillars: improving offerings, enhancing customer experience, maximizing transaction value, and running lean operations.
Retail unit sales showed slight growth year-over-year, despite a marginal decline in used unit comps.
Average selling price for retail vehicles rose to $27,288, while wholesale unit sales increased by 8.4%.
CarMax is focusing on more dynamic pricing strategies and improving reconditioning processes to maintain competitive pricing.
The company is on track to achieve $200 million in SG&A savings by fiscal year-end, driven by cost reductions in compensation and benefits.
CarMax Auto Finance saw a 43.3% sales penetration, with a notable increase in Tier 2 lending, supporting the company's full spectrum financing ambitions.
Management emphasized the importance of integrating digital and in-store experiences to enhance customer conversion rates.
The company plans to hold a strategic update in the fall, detailing key initiatives and milestones for future growth.
Overall, management expressed confidence in the company's strategic direction and its ability to grow market share sustainably.
Full Transcript
David Lowenstein (Vice President, Investor Relations)
Thank you. Good morning, everyone. Thank you for joining our fiscal 2027 first quarter earnings conference call. I'm here today with Keith Barr, President and CEO, Enrique Mayor-Mora, Executive Vice President and CFO and John Daniels, Executive Vice President, CarMax Auto Finance. Let me remind you, our statements today that are not statements of historical fact, including but not limited to statements regarding the company's future business plans, prospects and financial performance, are forward looking statements we make pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform act of 1995.
These statements are based on our current knowledge, expectations and assumptions and are subject to substantial risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from our expectations. In providing projections and other forward looking statements, we disclaim any intent or obligation to update them. For additional information on important factors and risks that could affect these expectations, please see our Form 8K filed with the SEC this morning and our annual report on Form 10K for fiscal year 2026 previously filed with the SEC.
Please note in addition to our earnings release, we have also prepared a quarterly investor presentation and both documents are available on the Investor Relations section of our website. Should you have any follow up questions after the call, please feel free to contact our Investor Relations Department at 804-747-0422 extension 7865. Lastly, let me thank you in advance for asking only one question and getting back in the queue for more follow ups.
Keith thank you. David Good morning everyone and thanks for joining us. Since our earnings call last quarter,, I have continued spending my time across the entirety of our business, listening and learning while engaging with our associates, customers and investors. These conversations have reinforced my understanding of both the strengths that differentiate CarMax from our competition, the opportunities we have to execute better, strengthen our performance and reach our full potential.
We have an award winning People-first culture, an iconic brand, an irreplaceable national footprint and meaningful digital capabilities. No company can replicate these assets at scale when fully harnessed. This combination enhances our competitive advantage and will drive our market share growth financial returns in one of the largest consumer markets in America and one that remains highly fragmented. Our objective is clear deliver strong unit and earnings growth that enables us to consistently reward our shareholders.
However, it is also clear there are some areas that have impeded our ability to perform to our full potential. Our core operations are not yet fast and efficient enough, retail prices and selection must continue to improve and our costs remain too high. Further, our digital experience is too complex and not seamlessly connected to the in person experience. When a customer arrives at one of our stores, we do not make it as easy for them as it should be given all the steps they have taken online.
This has put friction in the customer experience, ultimately impacting conversion and preventing us from fully leveraging our unmatched scale and store network. We know exactly what needs to change and we're moving forward with urgency. Today I'm introducing our strategy for growth built around four pillars that place the customer at the center of everything we do and are designed to meaningfully improve how we operate at scale and support consistently strong performance.
The first pillar of our strategy is Great Offering. We will give customers every reason to choose CarMax. We will ensure our pricing remains competitive across demand cycles while we both grow our saleable inventory and provide customers faster access to our vehicles. For example, to further improve our price competitiveness, we are incorporating competitive market insights within our pricing algorithms more granularly with a stronger emphasis on local data points.
Additionally, we are expanding comparison points across a broader set of vehicles to sharpen our individual unit pricing. Our second pillar is easy experience. We will make it easy to do business with us through a seamless experience. Industry research as well as our own shows that customers want digital convenience combined with an in store connection. Buying a car is one of the biggest financial decisions someone makes and they have a strong desire to see, touch and test drive a vehicle that will be part of their daily lives for years to come we see significant opportunities to better integrate our digital capabilities with our stores to improve conversion and the customer experience. Our near term focus is to simplify communication with customers before they arrive in store, to enhance their readiness to progress upon arrival and to provide associates with the tools they need to drive conversion. Our stores reach 85% of the US population, which gives us access to the largest total addressable market. As a result of this initiative, we expect more customers will visit our stores and we will sell more cars.
Our third pillar is to add value on each transaction. This pillar focuses on growing profitability by maximizing value across all aspects of our business and incorporates our cast full spectrum ambitions as well as the extended protection plan redesign initiatives that are already underway regarding CAF Full Spectrum Progress will be measured by our ability to grow penetration and drive longer term profitability for EPP progress. Progress will be measured by margin expansion over time on both.
We have shown progress this quarter and I expect it to continue. Our final pillar is run lean. We will reimagine our cost structure to enable a great offering. Initiatives already in flight include reducing reconditioning costs through technology and operational efficiency while continuing to deliver the high quality vehicles customers expect from CarMax. We are also working to enhance our logistics network and are continuing to reduce our sga. Our focus is to self fund more competitive vehicle prices through more efficient operations rather than a combination of lower GPUs and efficiency gains.
As we are doing this year, we continue to make progress in this area. In terms of logistics, we are focused on reducing unproductive transfers, resetting our network design and optimizing fleet utilization across CarMax and third parties. We intend to reduce costs and improve our network for increased speed. Regarding SGA last quarter we increased our fiscal year 27 exit rate savings target from $150 million to $200 million. We remain on track to achieve this target and continue to drive for expense efficiencies.
We are moving at pace with this strategy. While this work will take time, we are encouraged that the progress our teams have been making across the four pillars is already translating into improved trends that. we expect will continue this year. In respect to our first quarter, retail unit sales reflect the near term steps we have been taking across pricing, marketing and conversion to strengthen the business and drive performance on a year over year basis and against our strongest quarter from fiscal 2026 we delivered slight growth.
Additionally, we leveraged SGA on a total unit basis, expanded CarMax auto finance penetration and increased extended Protection plan margin, all while improving our year over year EPS trend Enrique and John will speak to our first quarter performance in detail in a few moments. As I previously stated, our objective is clear deliver strong unit and earnings growth that enables us to consistently reward our shareholders. This begins with improving our unit growth by enhancing our customer value proposition through greater affordability, broader selection and higher conversion.
At the same time, we will strengthen earnings power through an improved digital and in store experience. With our stores serving as a structural moat, we'll have a more efficient operating model, deeper customer relationships and better utilization of our differentiated scale advantages. Together, these outcomes will strengthen our market
Enrique Mayor-Mora
position and create long term value for. both our customers and shareholders. We plan to hold a strategic update this fall where we'll provide more detail on key initiatives and milestones. I'm excited about our strategic plan and I'm confident about the opportunity that lies ahead. Now I'd like to turn it over to Enrique to discuss our first quarter financial performance in more detail. Enrique thanks Keith and good morning everyone. We are encouraged by our performance trajectory as we are showing clear improvements in our year over year sales and earnings trends.
As Keith noted, we also made progress on SG&A reductions expansion of EPP margins and CAF. During the first quarter we delivered total sales of $8 billion, up 6.2% compared to last year. Across our retail and wholesale channels. We sold approximately 392,000 vehicles combined up 3.3% versus the first quarter last year. In our retail business, total unit sales grew slightly even as used. Unit comps were marginally down 0.8%. We delivered this sequential improvement in year over year sales despite comping over our strongest and tariff supported prior year period retail comp of 8.1%.
Sales performance this quarter was supported by more competitive vehicle pricing, an increase in strong ROI acquisition marketing and by initial progress toward the four strategic pillars that Keith spoke to earlier. Average selling price was $27,288 a year over year increase of $1,168 per unit. Wholesale unit sales were up 8.4% versus last year's first quarter. Average wholesale selling price increased by $405 per unit to $8,364. First quarter net earnings per diluted share was $1.31 versus $1.38 in earnings in the first quarter of last year, a strong positive change in year over year trend relative to the preceding three quarters.
Total gross profit was $854 million, down 4% from last year's first quarter. Used retail margin of $501 million decreased by 10% driven primarily by lower profit per used unit of $2,177, which was down $230 per unit from last year's record high first quarter. In managing margins more dynamically, we lowered GPUs by less than the $300 per retail unit guidance we provided last quarter as we balanced demand margins and efficiency gains in our reconditioning processes to support sales.
FOLC vehicle margin of $169 million increased by 8% from a year ago with higher volume and relatively flat gross profit per unit of $1,046. Other gross profit was $184 million flat to a year ago. As John noted during our fourth quarter call, we began in the first quarter our national rollout of our EPP product redesign focused on providing our customers with more affordable options and also offering a new wheel tire and dent product. EPP unit margins grew slightly in the first quarter and our full national rollout is expected by the end of this quarter.
We are on Track to drive approximately $35 per unit in incremental EPP margin in FY27 CarMax Auto Finance income of $140 million was down 1% year over year. John will provide detail on CAF in a few moments. On the SGA front, expenses for the first quarter were $635 million, down 4% from the prior year quarter. SGA levered by $118 per unit or 7% to $1,619. SGA dollars for the first quarter versus last year were mainly impacted by two factors. First, total compensation and benefits decreased by $25 million driven by the actions we have taken to reduce SGA in the quarter.
Both lower CEC and corporate overhead payroll drove the year over year favorability. Second, advertising expense increased by $8 million reflecting higher acquisition marketing spend in support of sales and buys. First quarter year over year SG&A reductions were in line with the related full year expectations we set out in the fourth quarter earnings call. As Keith noted, we are on track to deliver on our $200 million savings target and we continue to drive toward expense efficiencies regarding capital allocation.
Our priority remains funding the business to drive strong unit and earnings growth that enables us to consistently reward our shareholders. At the same time, we will continue to maintain a disciplined approach to our capital structure, including managing our net leverage to preserve efficient access to the capital markets for both CAF and CarMax. Overall, our leverage in the first quarter remains slightly above our targeted range. Returning capital to our shareholders remains a critical piece of Our value creation plan and our intent is to do so at the appropriate time.
I will now turn the call over to John to provide More detail on CarMax Auto Finance and our continuing focus on full credit spectrum expansion.
John Daniels (Executive Vice President, CarMax Auto Finance)
John thanks Enrique and good morning everyone. During the first quarter, CarMax Auto Finance. originated $2.4 billion resulting in sales penetration of 43.3% net of three day payoffs, an increase of 150 basis points versus last year. The weighted average contract rate charged to new customers was 11.3% relatively in line with last year's Q1. Third party tier 2 penetration was 15.7% versus 17.7% last year and third party tier 3 was 9% versus 8% a year ago.
This significant increase in CAF penetration has been signaled previously and is a direct result of our enhanced funding and underwriting efforts. Of note, CAF was the largest Tier 2 lender during the quarter, further demonstrating the progress we are making in our full spectrum efforts. CAF income for the quarter was $140 million versus $142 million earned in the same period last year. The loan loss provision was $96 million as compared to 102 million in FY26.
The net interest margin on the portfolio was 6.7%, an increase of 20 basis points year over year. Once again this quarter, credit losses were in line with our expectations. Our loan loss provision of $96 million largely reflects expected charge offs on newly originated loans and results in a total reserve balance of $475 million or 2.95% of managed receivables exclusive of auto loans held for sale. Note there was a $25 million benefit to this quarter's provision stemming from loans booked prior to the first quarter that were classified as held for sale in Q1.
We remain confident in CAF's ability to deliver significant added long term value to the organization. Our full spectrum capabilities continue to strengthen and our evolving ability to deploy a diversified funding approach as needed provides us with tremendous flexibility as we increase CAHPS penetration. Ultimately, this planned growth coupled with our EPP efforts directly supports our focus on maximizing value on each transaction and will provide future income potential for both CAF and carmax.
Now I'd like to turn the call back over to Keith.
Keith Barr (Chief Executive Officer)
Keith thank you, John. I came to CarMax because I saw a strong foundation and a significant potential to unlock growth. Three months in, I am more convinced than ever that this is a business with everything it needs to thrive. The work ahead is about removing what has held us back. The strategy we laid out today is not aspirational and is already in motion. Our four strategic pillars set us up to better leverage our strengths and scale to drive strong, profitable growth. We will provide a great offering, giving customers every reason to choose CarMax. We'll provide customers an easy experience in their shopping journey. We will add value on each transaction by growing profitability across all aspects of our business. And we will run lean by reimagining our cost structure.
While we are still early in this journey, we are encouraged by the progress we are already seeing. As I look ahead, I am confident that CarMax is uniquely positioned to build on its leadership position and create significant long term value. We have a clear strategy, a strong foundation and a team that is committed to delivering for our customers and shareholders. Thank you for your time and continued interest in CarMax. I look forward to speaking with you next quarter and providing you with a more fulsome strategic update in the fall. With that, we will open the line for questions. Operator.
OPERATOR
Thank you, Mr. Barr. Ladies and gentlemen, at this time, if you would like to ask a question, please press star one on your keypad. If you would like to leave the queue at any time, press star two. And to get to as many questions as possible, again we ask that you please limit yourself to one question. We go first this morning to Brian Nagle with Oppenheimer.
Brian Nagle
Hey guys, good morning. Morning Brian. Morning. Nice progress. Congratulations. Thank you. Team did a great job. The question want to ask, I want to focus on, I guess it's shorter term in nature so I apologize. But on, on this, on, on the GPU and sales. So you know, as you talked about your script, we saw, you know, GPU down, you know, less than $300, you know, but more than usual here in, in the, in the fiscal first quarter. So the way I want to frame the question is maybe two parts. I mean one, I mean as you look at the business, you know, how much by resetting this gpu, how much of a benefit do you think there was to use unit sales?
And then secondarily, you know, as we think about the GPU going forward, have you found the sweet spot or should we expect further tweaks here to get to that sweet spot? Thanks, Brian. I mean I think the work that the team kicked off late last year focusing on pricing really started to build momentum in the business. And we've been further sharpening our focus on that aspect of it too. And so clearly getting our pricing right on a competitive basis has had a positive impact building momentum into sales. And we expect that momentum to continue throughout the year and also continue to outperform the broader market too.
So it definitely has a positive impact. Having our the right car at the right price is definitely having a positive impact on our comp sales and we expect that to continue throughout the remainder of the year. I'll let Enrique talk a little bit more detail about gpu. Yeah, so by gpu, look, if you recall last quarter, in the near term we've guided that this year requires some margin concessions to support sales growth. But beyond that near term our goal is to self fund strong competitive positioning through more efficient operations rather than lowering GPU so we can sustain price competitiveness without sacrificing profitability.
And I'll tell you what, we're off to a strong start. We came in better than the guidance we gave you at the end of the fourth quarter and you know we're going to continue to track ahead and this is really a benefit of managing our business more nimbly with more flexibility within the quarter. So rather than being anchored to a certain GPU and running the business around that we're actually managing to the business and the demand that we see ahead of us within each quarter.
So you can see the results here in the first quarter. Again, we're off to a really strong start for the year.
Keith Barr (Chief Executive Officer)
I appreciate the color. Thank you.
Enrique Mayor-Mora
In terms of other sales drivers on the quarter like I talked about in my prepared remarks, you know we did increase our spend on marketing and that's another area certainly that as we manage the business more nimbly rather than being anchored to a certain marketing investment per quarter based on total units, reacting to what we're seeing in the market ahead of us. And so we saw an opportunity to invest in roi, creative marketing, acquisition marketing and we did. And that supported our sales as well.
Brian Nagle
Thanks again.
OPERATOR
Thank you. We go next now to Daniella Hagan with Morgan Stanley.
Daniella Hagan
Thank you and thanks team for taking the question similarly more near term since we have the bigger strategic update this fall. Thinking about SG and a it improved per unit quite nicely. But you have ad spend as you cited is up year on year and you've also talked about investing and improving the digital experience. How do you think about balancing the increasing opex in those two items relative to those 200 million exit rate savings? And so when you think about on an absolute basis, net net. How does that compare year on year? Thanks.
Enrique Mayor-Mora
Yeah, tell you for the year. You know, coming out of the first quarter we're exactly where we thought we would be when it comes to SGA savings We knew the first quarter was going to see actually some year over year benefit, largely driven by the cost reductions to our CDC to corporate overhead reductions. And we saw that there. But in terms of the full year guidance that we provided last quarter, you know, we're not moving off that for the time being.
You know, we do expect to see the full $200 million savings reductions by the end of fiscal year 27. But the guidance I provided last quarter, it still applies to this year, which means for the balance of the year, we could see a little bit of pressure when it comes to year over year SGA. But again, we are on target for the 200 million exit rate. And Daniela, we continue to be focused on SGA efficiency opportunities along the way.
Daniella Hagan
Thank you.
OPERATOR
We go next now to Craig Kinison of Baird.
Craig Kinison
Hey, good morning. Thanks for taking my question. Keith, I think you mentioned too many unproductive transfers. Can you shed more light on that issue?
Keith Barr (Chief Executive Officer)
Sure, be happy to. Craig. You know, when we think about kind of our growth strategy and kind of each one of the pillars, one of the key areas is making sure we have the right car at the right location. And transfers are a significant portion of our business. We transfer over 2 million cars a year. And so unproductive transfers have two fronts in my mind. One is resetting our logistics network and how we become more efficient in taking cost out of our logistics network, but then also being crystal clear about how do those transfers then turn into sales and making sure we're not having unproductive transfers and holds. So really understanding because that impacts our saleable inventory.
So really, really focusing on are we transferring the right cars to the right locations for the right customer and making sure we turn more of those transfers directly into sales, thereby reducing our overall cost in logistics. By reducing our cost and logistics, it underpins our ability to then remain competitive in pricing. So they're all interconnected.
Craig Kinison
Thank you.
OPERATOR
Thank you. We go next now to Rajat Gupta with JP Morgan.
Rajat Gupta
Great. Thanks for taking the questions. I just wanted to clarify a comment earlier from Enrique on the gpu. Looks like first quarter came in ahead. Are you suggesting that the full year is probably going to track better than the original $200 decline guidance? Just want to clarify if that was what you had implied. And then, you know, just one more for Keith. Do you think the business has turned a corner in terms of market share recovery? And should we expect the business to, given the actions you've taken on price and marketing? Are we at a point where the business can, As a company, CarMax can start to gain share, you know, for the rest of the year and moving forward.
Keith Barr (Chief Executive Officer)
Yeah, well, thanks Rajat. I think we've definitely turned the corner. You know, When I joined CarMax, I saw the potential for growth in this company and how to become increasingly more competitive. I think the team is aligned behind that fact and our ability to really understand deeply the key drivers of performance and how we can action against those and getting pricing correct to effectively drive increased comp sales and sustain that momentum year after year and again outperform the broader marketplace.
So to answer your specific question, your question specifically. Yeah, I think we turned the corner and we're very focused on the fact that this business should continue to grow market share on a sustainable basis going forward.
Enrique Mayor-Mora
And Rashad, regarding your question on like full year guidance for GPU at this point in time, it's early in the year. We know we have a volatile business. Right. We're not coming off the full year guidance end at the at this point. But as we know, as we're managing within the quarter, if there are opportunities to give up less margin, we certainly will do so, as you saw in the first quarter here, while also balancing demand and reconditioning efficiencies which we are seeing in our operations, which is a great support for margin management as well. But for the full year right now, not coming off necessarily guidance. We'll give you an update next quarter. Right.
For the full year but still early in the year.
Rajat Gupta
Understood. Great. Thanks for all the color and good luck.
OPERATOR
Thank you. We go next now to David Bellinger with Mizuho Securities.
David Bellinger
Good morning. Thanks for the question. I wanted to touch on GPU again and two specific comments you made in the prepared remarks about being price competitive across demand cycles and also managing margins more dynamically. So how should we interpret that as is there the potential for more quarter to quarter variability in the GPU and maybe a strategic change where CarMax is much more proactive in moving up or down GPU targets quarter to quarter in order to match the used car cycle.
Is there a way where we could see more variability going ahead in the GPU line?
Keith Barr (Chief Executive Officer)
Yeah, a great question. And again, pricing was our immediate priority which started last year and we've continued to be focused on that. And clearly the input there is going to be how do we reduce our costs to make sure we have the flexibility to flex our pricing to be competitive in the marketplace to maximize sales, but also adding in changes to our pricing algorithms. So historically we've had a lot of insight into demand for CarMax but now our pricing algorithms are incorporating market demand and also unit demand specifically.
So we're understanding kind of pricing by markets, pricing by vehicle types so we can be more dynamic. And so what we're going to be focused on is how do we flex GPU to maximize sales and profitability rather than being tied to a fixed GPU quarter to quarter to quarter. But again, we're standing behind our $200 reduction in GPU for the year. But we'll continue to focus on how we continue to improve upon that. But yes, there will be more dynamic movement in our pricing and how we maximize sales and profitability going forward, which happens in many, many other industries.
David Bellinger
Great. Thank you.
OPERATOR
We'll go next now to Sharon Zakcia with William Blair.
Sharon Zakcia
Hi, good morning. I guess there were a lot of things underlying the strategic plan kind of going from becoming more fast and efficient to improving selection, to decreasing friction and improving conversion. I guess when I think about all of those, you know, do you have the right people and processes in place? Is there one area where there's going to be significant investment to get to the other side? And which of these do you view as kind of the lowest hanging fruit, the fastest that you can influence quickly, and which kind of maybe is tougher and takes longer to get to the other side?
Well, great.
OPERATOR
Sharon, thank you very much. I've been incredibly impressed with the team here. I'm three months and a day into the role and I just continue to be impressed with the subject matter, expertise and the passion that this team has, both in the corporate office. But actually, probably even more importantly, our associates out in the field are just exceptional. So we've got the right people. There are a number of issues in the business that you've identified here.
We're talking about pricing and selection and so forth, logistics. And we have real clarity. And we'll talk more about it in the fall about kind of the core initiatives that underpin each one. And we already have actions underway against almost all of them and have made great, great progress. I think the two areas that we're focused on the most right now has been really ensuring our pricing remains competitive. And so that's how do we lower our cost of goods sold.
And the team have again, a significant number of initiatives leveraging technology, leveraging processes and more to come on that, that continue to make sure that our costs stay in control so our pricing can be competitive. And then it's we're continuing to reduce friction in the digital experience and have it be better connected to, to our stores. Where the magic really happens at the end of the day. And just to give you a couple of tangible examples.
So reducing that friction in the digital journey, we basically improved the entry point for our customers. Arriving from online ads. We've made it easier to navigate our website to get towards pre qualification and reserving a car. We've effectively shifted away from sticker prices to monthly payments. We've integrated AI assistance both in our digital experience and in our cec. So all these things are happening right now to reduce friction and make it easier for our customers to do business with us.
But most importantly, as Enrique said earlier, our focus is to run lean as an organization and making sure that we can self fund these investments. So we're not coming out today saying there's significant increases in new investments in the company. We, we believe we have the capacity to do that today to move the business forward. We go next now to Jeff Lick with Stevens.
Jeff Lick
Good morning. Thanks for taking my question, Keith. I was wondering if we could drill down a little bit more on the concept of the dynamic pricing, dynamic GPU management. This is obviously something that in your past life you have a lot of experience with. Obviously you know, you could always get an extra hotel room reservation if you take the price down from 500 to 400, but the problem is, is that you got to give the $400 rate to everybody that would have paid 500. I'm just wondering how you're thinking about that now, you know, in the context of, you know, the used car business, your business and the data that you're seeing now.
Keith Barr (Chief Executive Officer)
Yeah, I found it, Jeff, to be probably the most fascinating thing to get into. I have a background in pricing and revenue management in my previous life, understanding the similarities and the differences between the two because as you noted, in the hotel business we have an asset. If we don't sell it today, we can't sell it tomorrow. In the case of the car business, we have an asset depreciating in value over time. And so really trying to understand how do you maximize the profitability of that asset and maximize the kind of the efficiency of our overall inventory.
And so historically, you know, we had very, very complex pricing algorithms and a lot of demand, but it was really very margin based pricing. And I think what we're shifting to more is kind of understanding how do we flex margin based upon maximizing demand for consumers by bringing in external data, like I mentioned earlier, bringing in that external market data into our pricing algorithms, understanding for individual types of vehicles into our pricing algorithm.
So where do we have Pricing for flexibility where we can maximize sales and where should we actually hold firm in our pricing because we can maximize profitability. So that will could lead. Could lead to some variability in gpu, but maximizes profit over time. And it's an area where we've got some fantastic data scientist team and we're continuing to invest in that space and expand upon how we think about our algorithms and evolve them over time because there's definitely opportunity in this space to sharpen up our pricing.
But it has to be underpinned by getting our costs in the right place on a consistent basis.
Enrique Mayor-Mora
If I could just ask a quick follow up of Enrique. Enrique, it appears that a good chunk of your other gross profit came from the service and parts. Could you. Or the service business. Could you just explain the kind of mechanics of how that works? Because obviously a lot of us, you know, aren't quite familiar with how that actually flows through. Given you don't have a traditional service and parts business. Yeah, service actually for the quarter was strong. You know, last year we provided a fair bit of guidance and updates in terms of how we expected service to actually return to profitability. And it did last year. We expect the same this year. I tell you, this quarter there wasn't enough of a year over year increase to really have note and talk about.
But I think the way to think about that is basically it's the labor behind reconditioning and then we apply fees to that labor in order to cover the cost of reconditioning is how to think about it. And so this quarter it's a business that levers very strongly in the markets and when sales are strong, it'll lever very strongly. And then seasonally speaking, when sales get weaker, you deleverage on more of a fixed cost kind of basis. So that's how to think about the service line.
Jeff Lick
Awesome. Well, best of luck in the next quarter.
OPERATOR
Thank you.
Alex Perry
Thank you. We go next now to Alex Perry of Bank of America.
Enrique Mayor-Mora
Hi, thanks for taking my question here. I just wanted to follow up on the marketing approach actually and ask about the shift in the strategy. How much do you think the investments in acquisition marketing supported the sequential comp improvement? Will you continue to lean into this even more going forward? Do you expect sort of advertising as a percent of revenue to trend higher from here and how should we be thinking about that? Thanks, it's a great question. As I mentioned earlier, we're running the business more nimbly than we have in the past. And in the case of marketing, that means we're Less anchored to a specific dollar per unit and more tied to the opportunity to drive incremental sales that have a strong roi. In the period that we're managing this period, we saw with strong demand. Again, we're comping over last year, which was a positive 8 comp.
And we still delivered, you know, overall flat, flatish, slightly up used unit growth. You know, we saw strong demand and we managed that. And so the marketing team does an exceptional job of identifying where we can kind of invest some dollars. We have strong processes around do we think that's going to drive incremental sales and is it going to be profitable? And that's what we did this quarter. I would expect to continue to manage that way from quarter to quarter as we also take a look at GPUs and other factors driving sales. And if it's a lever we think we can pull and if it's accretive to the bottom line, then that's what we're going to do.
Keith Barr (Chief Executive Officer)
I'll just add on to that a little bit. Alex. You know, one of the things I was really impressed with when I came into CarMax was the caliber of the marketing talent we have from a data analytics perspective and the way that they're focusing on high ROI marketing. And in being real time talking week after week, we are sitting down as a team talking about what's happening in terms of sales, what's happening in terms of the broader marketplace, how are we positioned in terms of pricing, how we what's happening just more broadly across the business, and determining how do we want to invest our marketing dollars to support both sales and also buys, which is an incredibly important part of our business model too. And so it is, it's dynamic and it's real time. So as Enrique said, we're just not walking into saying we're are going to spend this much money this quarter. Irrespective of what's happening, we're looking at it week to week, month to month, making sure we're maximizing profitability in sales.
Alex Perry
That's all incredibly helpful. Best of luck going forward.
OPERATOR
We'll go next now to Scott Cicciarelli with Truist.
Scott Ciccarelli
Good morning, guys. Scott Ciccarelli, so you had a $230 drop in GPU on about a dollar increase in ASP. Was the ASP lift a driver of the better than expected GPU in the quarter or was that all from lower reconditioning costs? Just how do we reconcile those data points? And then secondly for John, I guess just a clarification can you provide any more color around the $25 million benefit to CAF this quarter? Thanks.
Enrique Mayor-Mora
Yeah, regarding our ASPs unused, I mean we were up there really two drivers, you know, one was just overall acquisition costs were up in the marketplace, so that drove it. The second component was mix. We had a little less older cars in the quarter. Demand was strong around kind of younger cars, kind of our core offering, if you will. And Those are the two factors that drove kind of ASP's being up, average sales price being up year over year.
John Daniels (Executive Vice President, CarMax Auto Finance)
Great Scott. Appreciate your question on the 25 million. Yeah, just to clarify, you know, that was a held for sale transaction we executed within the quarter. When we execute a help for sale transaction. Those are receivables that we no longer need to provision losses for if we originate them in the quarter or if we originate them prior to the quarter. This is prior to the quarter we had receivables that were on our books. We had provisioned for losses and those receivables were then included in this 26B transaction to the tune of about $25 million of expected loss. You're in essence allowed to release that from your reserve that offset, that's the within quarter provision.
Enrique Mayor-Mora
Got it. And then Enrique, like my question was really on the GPU side though, like was the ASP lift and impact, you know, driven, driven by the, what was the, excuse me, the GPU impact, was that partly driven by the ASP increase? Yeah, those are run independently. I mean ASPs are going to be run independently than how we run our margins. So no, they're not related.
Scott Ciccarelli
Okay, thanks guys.
OPERATOR
We'll go next now to Michael Montani with Evercore isi.
Michael Montani
Yes, hi. Just a question for John. If you could talk a little bit about the underlying health of the consumer that you're seeing from a credit perspective on delinquencies, enroll rates and then if you could discuss how to think about provisioning a nim really into fiscal 2Q.
John Daniels (Executive Vice President, CarMax Auto Finance)
Yeah, great. Appreciate the question, Michael. Yeah, I think overall consumer, you know, I guess I'd have to lead with the fact that, you know, we feel really good about how we are viewing the consumer. That's on our books. The receipt, our receivable base, how we have reserved. I think that was captured in the prepared remarks. This is our third quarter in a row where we really kind of hit the losses as expected. You know, the consumer overall I think you can see, see in the industry, certainly they are continue to be pressured by overall inflation.
If you look at delinquency rates among you know, credit cards, auto, all that. It is higher. But again, we feel like we have an excellent handle on that. And that's captured. If I think about provision for us, you know, in, in the quarter, in each successive quarter going forward. Very logical question. How do you model that? The guidance I would give you is to anchor on origination volume. The way I think about that is, you know, if for every point of penetration that CAF takes, that's roughly 50 to 60 million dollars of receivables.
If that's tier one receivables, we're setting aside probably one and a half to 2 million dollars of provision. If that's tier two receivables, we're setting Aside about 10 to 12 million dollars of provision. And to put that tier one versus tier two in perspective, right now we're about a one to nine ratio. Tier two is about 10% of what we're doing. Tier one is about 90% of what we're doing. So you kind of can do all the arithmetic there and say that's probably what I'm originating in the full total of the origination provision I'd have to set aside.
Notwithstanding, obviously, we are executing HUD for sale transactions. That is, you know, it really shows our flexibility from a funding perspective. That may fluctuate from quarter to quarter, but again that's the flexibility that we love and we're able to execute on that. And then obviously the last piece there is what is our view on the macro environment? What is our view on the adjustments on our existing book? Again, we feel really good the last few quarters on how we've provisioned and preserved for our existing book.
But that's how I build it. I build it from overall origination provision, make a perspective on held for sale and then the broader adjustments that you might need to make. Macro and existing book. That's how I build provision. And just the NIM side, do you think that 6, 7 is the right rate or 20bp improvement year over year? How should we look at that? Yeah, obviously we love the 6, 7. I will tell you there's seasonality component to that. This quarter benefits from a lot of days in the quarter, just the three months that are included. So yeah, I'd probably gauge you more to like a 6, 5 would be the way I think about that in the future, the rest of the year.
Michael Montani
Got it. Helpful. Thank you.
OPERATOR
Thank you. We go next now to Chris Bodig, Larry with BNP Paribas.
Chris Bodig
Hey, thanks for taking the questions. I actually have a similar question to Mike's But I'll go ahead and ask it anyway. Can you just talk about the drivers for the allowance? So that stepped up pretty big despite the big tax refund season. Just trying to get a sense is that you also mentioned the benefits from transferring loans to held for sale. So trying to understand like the step up in the allowance rate, is that just mix because of your pushing more to subprime or is there some level of underlying weakness just given like delinquency rates in subprime that you're provisioning for? Trying to understand the.
John Daniels (Executive Vice President, CarMax Auto Finance)
Appreciate the question, Chris. Yeah, that's, that's a tough metric. We provide it and I think it's important we provide it as we have over time. But it's absolutely not weakness in the, in the book of business. You know, again, I think, I think we've, we've said our losses are within expectation and we've reserved accordingly. I think you've got two main things going on this quarter. Number one, there's absolutely a seasonality component. It's tough to describe, but if you look at our traditional Q1, all things being equal, like that will be a step up in overall reserved receivables. Number two, absolutely touched on it. We're adding tier two volume. I mean very proud of what we've done. That growth in penetration coming from that tier 2 space I just referenced, what do you have to add from a provision and ultimately in the reserve from a point of penetration in tier 2.
So that's absolutely going to take you up. And then the third component you also touched on that's going to cause it to fluctuate is, you know, what have you done from a held for sale perspective. So it can move around a fair amount. But this quarter predominantly again seasonality and that tier two growth.
Chris Bodig
Thanks, that's really helpful. And then just want to follow up on Keith's comment on the 2 million transfers. What do you think the biggest opportunities are there? My napkin math is probably like around a million and a quarter of transfers just from like customer paid wholesale transfers, stores without recon centers like auction sourced vehicles. So seems like there are some potentially extraneous transfers. Just kind of curious what you guys see the opportunity as and maybe just kind of explain underneath the curtain a little bit. Be helpful.
Keith Barr (Chief Executive Officer)
Yeah, we'll do a deeper dive on that piece of work when we do our strategic update in the fall. But just to give you a little bit of color now we really need to look at the entirety of our logistics network and really understand what's the most efficient way for us to move vehicles and also how to leverage our own logistics network and also the third parties too. So we're kicking off a significant piece of work around that through understanding what should our logistics network be and making sure it's scalable as we continue to sell more cars year after year, buy more cars year after year.
How do we have a network that scales efficiently and keeps our cost in control? Control and also making sure that we really understand why are we moving cars from point A to point B? And are those true? Again, is it enabling us to sell a car at the end of the day or the unproductive transfers? And so just getting a lot sharper about that. We've already got some initial work being done, but some significant work is about to kick off, which I'm really, really excited about.
And again, we'll give you more details in the fall. But again, we see it as an opportunity in two fronts. One is we can have more cars available to to our customers. So increasing our saleable inventory and the time available in one day, two days and four days. So that increases our saleable inventory and also will lower our cost, which means keeps our pricing competitive too.
Chris Bodig
Makes sense. Thank you.
OPERATOR
We'll go next now to John Babcock with Barclays.
John Babcock
Thanks for taking my question. I just want to ask, you know, obviously two parts of selling vehicles. I mean, one is getting the price right, the other is obviously having the right vehicle. From that standpoint, I just want to know what are you doing to ensure that you have the right mix? And also how is this reflected in the pricing algorithm and how you plan to adjust that going forward?
Keith Barr (Chief Executive Officer)
Great. Yeah. I mean, it's almost week two. I was talking with the team. It's right. Right price, right car, right location are the foundational things for us APP success, business and really understanding that. And so we have really great customer insight in terms of what, what vehicles are in demand and how does that vary across the country? And that then directly feeds into our buying strategy and understanding these are the vehicles we have to buy and then get them into our reconditioning in our saleable inventory.
And that will change throughout the cycle. I mean, right now, for example, it's only a small part of our business, but clearly there's a move towards towards hybrids and EVs from a number of consumers. And so our buy teams are out there focusing on making sure we're efficiently buying hybrids and EVs to get those into our saleable inventory more quickly. And again, that will change. Again, where we are within the country and throughout the year. So making sure again that we're just really understanding that external input of what is consumer demand and then how does that feed into overall again, our acquisition strategy to underpin our sales strategy.
John Babcock
Okay, thanks. And if you don't mind, a quick follow on. Are you able to talk about the impact of fuel prices on your results in the quarter?
Enrique Mayor-Mora
Yeah, you know, the fuel prices will hit us on our cogs, really right when you're looking at our operations. But the teams have done a phenomenal job of overcoming those costs pressures in our reconditioning processes. And again, actually reconditioning savings and cogs is the one of of the reasons this quarter we were able to manage to less of a margin, give up, if you will, to support sales. So they were easy, very easy to overcome this quarter.
John Babcock
Thank you.
OPERATOR
We go next now to Chris Pierce with Needham.
Chris Pierce
Oh, hey, good morning. We've talked about pricing, you know, getting the right car, etc. I guess. Can we just hit on pillar number four, run lean? I'd love to kind of hear what you found about the recon side of the business, how you can lower recon costs or speed up recon time, kind of. What have you found as you've done a deeper dive there?
Keith Barr (Chief Executive Officer)
Yeah, I'm happy to. And then if I, if I miss something, I'll let Enrique expand on it. It's a fascinating part of our business and an incredibly important part of our business because as you understand right, buying the right car at the right price is critically important. But then the cost of reconditioning is fundamental to us being able to have great prices. And we have great, great service ops teams and reconditioning teams out there today. But there's opportunity for us to further leverage technology to continuously improve our cost of goods sold through reconditioning.
We've already got a few things out there right now. We've got our part selection tool which they continue to improve upon, which enables our teams to effectively find the right part for the the right car at the best price. We've got our tire selection tool out there now, which has now been integrated into that as well. Similarly, make sure that we're looking at the entirety of the marketplace to get the right tire at the best price possible. And that's just two examples.
But there's a lot more we can do with technology to leverage our efficiency in terms of labor and productivity and how we move our inventory from raw to wiped to being on the lot at the end of the Day, too. And we'll go definitely deeper that in the fall to explain specifically what we're doing. But again, it's going to be an investment in technology and leveraging new processes. But we'll be funding that out of our existing overhead bases, RSG and A. Yeah, it'll be self funded. And what I tell you is that definitely the biggest opportunity that we have at CarMax is to really just digitize our reconditioning processes, update the processes as well within there. And we think that there's a fair bit of upside when it comes to cost and speed just by leveraging technology more strongly in our reconditioning.
I couldn't agree more, Enrique. I think it's one of the areas where by focusing on IT and investing appropriately in the technology behind it, it will give us again, a sustainable cost advantage in how we can keep our pricing where it needs to be.
Chris Pierce
Exactly. Can you just touch on.
Enrique Mayor-Mora
I know you opened another standalone center. You've got a couple standalone centers that I think have been open over a year now. Are you seeing benefit in terms of reconditioning at these standalone centers in those regions or is it more about just. I guess just want to understand as you open more of these what benefit you're seeing now what you could see in the future. Yeah, we have seven of them open at this point. And I tell you it's still kind of early to get reconditioning savings.
They're still ramping. And really where we start to get leverage on those processes is when we hit kind of peak manufacturing, if you will. And they're not there yet. Just given that they're fairly new. Where we are seeing savings though, definitely is in logistics. Right. So less of the kind of cost of shipping those vehicles because we're in market. We're in the right markets. Right. So logistics savings. Yes. Reconditioning savings. Yeah. We're not fully at where we want to be, but the team continues to improve kind of quarter over quarter.
But I wouldn't say that that's a driver right now of reconditioning savings, but it will be certainly.
Chris Pierce
Thank you and good luck.
OPERATOR
Thank you. We go next now to Rajat Gupta with JP Morgan.
Rajat Gupta
Hey, thanks for taking the question. Just wanted to follow up on any preview around the analyst day. I know you've talked about moving to full spectrum financing. You had the 50% number out there. Is there any thought process around maybe taking that number higher and maybe in a more aggressive fashion? Is that something that you would consider as a strategic change? Just wanted to, just wanted to get your thoughts on that.
Keith Barr (Chief Executive Officer)
Well, I'll make it up at a high level and let John talk about that. I mean, what we're planning to do is a strategic update later on this fall where we're going to walk through in detail, kind of each one of the pillars. So you really understand first and foremost how interconnected each one of these is because by themselves are each important, but they are so connected. That's probably one of my biggest learnings here in the first three months, is that everything is connected here.
And so how do we go through each pillar and be focusing on the offering, the experience, how we're going to add value through caf and full spectrum and then how do we focus on cogs and things like that? So we'll go through a lot of detail there, both in terms of initiatives and also people, things that you can hold us accountable to. We'll be talking about kind of how we expect this to impact performance over time, to sustainably grow our business and to outperform the broader market on a go forward basis in terms of sales and do it in an efficient way so that we grow our profitability and reward our shareholders too.
So I'm really excited about it. The team has done a fantastic job of framing up what that strategy is. And again, we'll do a deeper dive in the fall on our strategic update. I'll let John talk specifically about what you just asked.
John Daniels (Executive Vice President, CarMax Auto Finance)
Caf yeah, Raj, appreciate the question. With regard to the add value pillar, I think obviously capital spectrum is a key backbone there. We've signaled that for multiple years. I think we're really pleased with the capabilities we've put in place, the funding capabilities, the iterative underwriting capabilities. And that really shows itself in this quarter's penetration. Your question of 50%, that's the number that we've offered as really a mix midterm objective for us. Certainly we choose the word midterm very carefully. We think it could be larger than that. But we're really excited in our ability to grow to that level. If you look at what we did From a Tier 2 perspective, we cited, we, you know, a year ago we were 10% of the tier two volume. This quarter we are, you know, upwards of 25% of that volume.
And we think that will continue to methodically grow over the next, you know, couple of years as we hit that midterm objective. As far as how fast can we go? I think we've really set a good course there. We want to be very thoughtful, both really making sure we're getting the funding strategies right, we're underwriting it correctly. Don't want to get over our skis there. But yes, I think that's a great midterm objective. And beyond that, Absolutely.
I think it's definitely on the table for us.
Rajat Gupta
Understood. Thanks for all the color. Good luck.
OPERATOR
Thank you. And ladies and gentlemen, that's all the time we have for questions this morning. Mr. Barr, I'd like to turn things back to you, sir, for any closing comments.
Keith Barr (Chief Executive Officer)
Great. Well, thanks. Thanks everyone for joining us and for your continued interest and support of CarMax. Hopefully you can see the momentum we've built in the business and the strong performance in the quarter. And we expect that momentum to continue throughout the year as we will outperform the broader marketplace. Really excited about the strategy that we have developed as a team to again drive sustainable growth, improve profitability and reward our shareholders over time and again.
We'll share more with you all in the fall, but also we'll be talking with you next quarter. So thanks everyone and have a great remainder of your week.
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