On Tuesday, KeyCorp (NYSE:KEY) discussed second-quarter financial results during its earnings call. The full transcript is provided below.
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Summary
KeyCorp reported second quarter 2026 earnings of $0.44 per share, a 26% increase year-over-year, with revenue growth of 7% and a net interest margin expansion to 2.89%.
The company achieved strong commercial loan growth, with period-end C&I loans increasing by $2.1 billion, while deposit costs declined by 2 basis points.
KeyCorp repurchased $340 million in common stock and announced an agreement to acquire Clearwater UK, expanding their middle market advisory franchise.
The company increased its full-year guidance for net interest income, revenue, and loan growth, expecting revenue to grow 7% to 8% and net interest income to increase 9% to 11%.
KeyCorp aims to achieve a return on tangible common equity exceeding 15% by the end of 2027, with a focus on disciplined capital deployment and client growth.
Investment banking pipelines are at historically elevated levels, with third quarter fees expected to rise by over 20% quarter-over-quarter.
Nonperforming loans increased modestly due to idiosyncratic items, but asset quality remains stable, and the net charge-off ratio was 42 basis points.
KeyCorp aims for a net interest margin of 3% by year-end 2026, supported by loan growth and fixed-rate asset repricing.
The company anticipates average loans to increase 4% to 5% for the full year, with commercial loans expected to grow 8% to 10%.
Full Transcript
Megan, Operator
Good morning and welcome to KeyCorp's second quarter 2026 earnings conference call. My name is Megan and I will be your moderator for today. All lines will be muted during the presentation portion of the call with an opportunity for questions and answers at the end. If you would like to ask a question during that time, simply press star 1 on your telephone keypad. As a reminder, this conference is being recorded and I would now like to turn the conference over to Troy Gates, KeyCorp's Director of Investor Relations.
Please go ahead.
Troy Gates, Director of Investor Relations
Thank you, operator, and good morning, everyone. I'd like to thank you for joining KeyCorp's second quarter 2026 earnings conference call. I'm here with Chris Gorman, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Clark Khayat, our Chief Financial Officer, and Mo Ramani, our Chief Risk Officer. As usual, we will reference our earnings presentation slides which can be found in the Investor Relations section of the Key.com website. In the back of the presentation you will find our statement on forward-looking disclosures and certain financial measures, including non-GAAP measures.
This covers our earnings materials as well as remarks made on this morning's call. Actual results may differ materially from forward-looking statements and those statements speak only as of today, July 21, 2026, and will not be updated. With that, I will turn it over to Chris.
Chris Gorman, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Thank you, Troy, and good morning, everyone. Our second quarter results reflect strong business momentum and continued progress against our strategic and financial commitments. We reported second quarter earnings of $0.44 per share, up 26% year over year. Revenue grew 7% year over year and pre-provision net revenue grew 9%, net interest margin expanded sequentially to 2.89% and we are on track to meet or exceed 3% by year end supported by several tailwinds that we expect will contribute to accelerated margin expansion in the second half of the year.
Commercial loan growth remains strong, period-end C&I loans increased $2.1 billion or 3% sequentially reflecting continued success in attracting new clients across our markets while concurrently deepening existing relationships. Our deposit franchise continues to perform well in a competitive environment with total deposit costs declining 2 basis points during the quarter. Asset quality remains strong while nonperforming loans increased modestly during the quarter reflecting idiosyncratic items.
Broader portfolio performance remains stable, tightly managed, and consistent with our expectations. Our net charge-off ratio was 42 basis points during the quarter and our year-to-date charge-offs remain at the low end of our 40 to 45 basis point full-year outlook. Given our stronger-than-expected business performance, I have even greater confidence in our ability to generate a return on tangible common equity exceeding 15% by the end of 2027 on our path to achieving our 16 to 19% long-term target.
Importantly, we continue to deploy capital in a disciplined manner, supporting client growth, investing in the franchise and returning capital to shareholders through ongoing share repurchases. During the quarter we repurchased more than $340 million of common stock, putting us on pace to achieve our full-year share repurchase target of at least $1.3 billion. As we continue to repurchase our shares, our strong capital position enables us to concurrently drive organic growth and invest in our business.
As an example, during the quarter we announced an agreement to acquire Clearwater UK. This transaction represents a strategic extension of our leading middle market advisory franchise and expands our ability to serve M&A clients and prospects internationally. We expect this transaction to close in the second half of 2026. While the macroeconomic environment remains uncertain, our momentum continues to be strong. We are seeing healthy client engagement, solid activity levels across our businesses and remain well positioned to perform through a range of potential economic scenarios.
We continued to grow clients in the second quarter, relationship households increased 3% and commercial clients increased 2% from the prior year. Commercial loan pipelines remained strong, up 6% from the prior year. Our priority fee-based businesses, investment banking, commercial payments and wealth, continue to perform exceptionally well. In the first half of the year, these businesses collectively grew 8% when compared to the first half of 2025.
Investment banking pipelines are up 9% sequentially and remain at historically elevated levels supported by record M&A and DCM pipelines. While middle market M&A activity has yet to normalize, we continue to see significant client engagement and remain confident in our expectation for mid-single digit investment banking fee growth this year. In commercial payments, total gross payment fees increased 12% compared to the prior year as investments we continue to make in bankers and scaling embedded banking build momentum in wealth.
In wealth, assets under management reached another record $74 billion. Since the launch of our mass affluent strategy in 2023, we've added 59,000 households, over $4 billion of AUM and nearly $8 billion of total client assets. Key Wealth remains a significant opportunity for us as we are less than 10% penetrated with respect to our base of currently existing mass affluent households. Overall, we are encouraged by our second quarter performance and the sustained momentum across the business.
As a result of our continued favorable loan momentum, we have increased our full-year guidance with respect to net interest income, revenue and loan growth. Our guidance implies substantial positive operating leverage as we expect to grow revenues twice as fast as expenses in 2026. As always, our guidance reflects a range of potential interest rate scenarios and assumes markets remain constructive. We enter the second half of the year from a position of strength.
The underlying trends across Key remain favorable. We will continue to drive disciplined execution across our franchise. With that, I'll turn it over to
Clark Khayat, Executive Vice President and Chief Strategy Officer
Thanks, Chris. Starting on slide 4, we reported second quarter earnings per share of $0.44. Revenue was up 7% year over year while expenses increased by 5%. Tax-equivalent net interest income increased 9% year over year and 2% sequentially, primarily driven by commercial loan growth and portfolio repricing. Noninterest income increased 2% year over year. Loan loss provision of $92 million included $115 million, or 42 basis points, of net charge-offs and a reserve release of $23 million.
The net release was driven by improvement in Moody's economic scenarios and a continued remix to higher credit quality relationships, partially offset by a qualitative build to account for increased economic uncertainty. We grew tangible book value per share 6% year over year. Moving to the balance sheet on slide 5, average loans were up $2.3 billion sequentially. Period-end loans increased by $1.2 billion driven by C&I growth of $2.1 billion, or 3%, partly offset by the ongoing planned runoff of low-yielding consumer loans.
Growth was largely from new relationships and broad-based across industries and regions. The largest industry contributors were utilities, power and renewables, real estate, and technology. C&I line utilization decreased 50 basis points sequentially to 31% driven by higher commitments. Turning to slide 6, average deposit balances were relatively flat sequentially and year over year, consistent with historical seasonal trends. Average noninterest-bearing deposits increased 2.3% sequentially, representing 19% of total deposits or 24% when adjusted for our hybrid accounts.
As expected, the average deposits for the quarter were consistent with Q1 and we saw end-of-period deposits up versus prior quarter after troughing in May. At the end of June, deposit balances, which closed the quarter at $153 billion, were temporarily elevated by about $4 billion due to the timing of transaction activity among our relationship clients. Total deposit cost declined 2 basis points sequentially to 1.63%. Our cumulative interest-bearing deposit beta held steady at 56%.
To support our continued strong commercial loan growth, we supplemented funding with short-term borrowings. Given our expectations that client deposits will grow in the second half, we used wholesale funds in the second quarter rather than repricing existing deposit relationships. As a result, total funding costs increased by one basis point. We continue to pay close attention to deposit dynamics and will take proactive and strategic actions to manage funding effectively to achieve our goals.
We expect to increase average client deposits by more than 2% through year end. Slide 7 provides drivers of NII and NIM this quarter. Taxable-equivalent NII was up 2% and net interest margin increased 2 basis points from the prior quarter to 2.89%. The increase was driven by commercial loan growth, fixed-rate asset repricing, and an additional day in the quarter. We continue to manage our balance sheet to a fairly neutral interest rate risk position as we move through the remainder of 2026.
On slide 8, noninterest income increased 2% year over year. Investment banking and debt placement fees were $169 million for the quarter. In the first half of 2026, investment banking fees were $366 million, an increase of 4% compared to the same year-ago period. As Chris mentioned, our pipelines are at historically elevated levels compared to the prior quarter. Overall pipelines are up 9% and M&A pipelines are up 7% to a new record. We expect third quarter investment banking fees to be up 20% plus quarter over quarter and remain confident in delivering mid-single-digit investment banking fee growth for the year.
Trust and investment services income grew 9% year over year reflecting higher market values, and assets under management reached a new record high of $74 billion. Service charges on deposit accounts and corporate services fees each increased by 5% year over year. The increase in service charges was driven by growth in commercial payments, while corporate services income was driven by higher loan commitment fees. Commercial mortgage servicing fees were $49 million, down $21 million year over year, largely driven by lower deposit placement fees and special servicing fees.
At quarter end, we were named primary and special servicer on approximately $735 billion of commercial real estate loans, of which about $270 billion is special servicing. Active special servicing third-party assets were flat sequentially at $10 billion, about half of which is office. We continue to expect commercial mortgage servicing fees to run about $50 to $60 million per quarter the remainder of the year. On slide 9, second quarter noninterest expenses were $1.2 billion, an increase of 3% sequentially and 5% compared to the year-ago quarter.
The increase was driven by higher personnel expenses related to the investments in frontline bankers, impact of KeyCorp's higher stock price on incentive compensation, as well as higher benefits costs. Sequentially, expenses increased due to higher incentive compensation, professional fees, and marketing expenses, as well as an additional day in the quarter. Expenses are expected to modestly pick up through the second half of the year, reflecting our ongoing investments in people and technology and incentive compensation associated with expected seasonally higher fees.
We continue to expect to be within our full-year expense growth guide of 3% to 4%. Turning to credit, net charge-offs were $115 million, or an annualized 42 basis points of average loans. Criticized loans were relatively stable at an annualized 4.9%. Nonperforming assets increased by $126 million sequentially to an annualized 74 basis points of loans. The increase was largely driven by three credits in the real estate, consumer goods, and agriculture industries.
Based on our current assessment, we do not expect these credits to result in meaningful incremental losses and they do not alter our outlook for net charge-offs. Moving forward, we expect several sizable nonperforming loans to resolve through the rest of the year. Overall, our portfolio remains healthy; fundamental performance of our borrowers remains resilient and is tracking in line with expectations. Moving to slide 11, our CET1 ratio was 11.2% and our marked CET1 ratio was 9.8% at quarter end.
As Chris mentioned, we continue to expect to repurchase at least $1.3 billion of our shares for the year. Moving to slide 12, we are increasing our 2026 guidance to reflect our loan growth outperformance. We now expect revenue to grow 7% to 8% compared to approximately 7% that was previously communicated. We also now expect full-year net interest income to increase 9% to 11% compared to the prior guide of 9% to 10%. This guidance holds under a fairly broad range of interest rate scenarios, including a Fed hike scenario.
We now expect to exit the year with a net interest margin in the range of 3 to 3 point, with average earning assets increasing between $1 to $2 billion from the second quarter. This outlook assumes continued loan growth in a stable, competitive deposit environment. While incremental balance sheet growth may be modestly margin dilutive, we are willing to trade NIM to a degree to add quality relationship clients with a strong return profile. Additionally, we continue to expect the benefits of over $9 billion of low-yielding, fixed-rate asset repricing through year end and disciplined deposit management to more than offset that impact.
We now expect average loans to increase 4% to 5% compared to our previous guidance of 2% to 4%, and average commercial loans are now expected to increase 8% to 10% this year. The higher outlook reflects strong loan growth through the first half of the year, continued success in adding and expanding client relationships, and healthy commercial loan pipelines that continue to support growth in the second half of 2026. All other guidance remains unchanged.
In summary, subject to the usual macro caveats and a constructive environment that remains broadly consistent with today, we expect to maintain our strong momentum through the second half of the year and deliver a solid return on and return of capital to shareholders. With that, I would like to now turn the call back to the operator to provide instructions for the Q&A session.
Megan, Operator
Thank you. We will now begin the Q&A session. If you would like to ask a question, please press star followed by one on your telephone keypad. If for any reason you would like to remove your question, please press star followed by two. Again, to ask a question, please press star one. As a reminder, if you're using a speakerphone, please remember to pick up your handset before asking your question. The first question will go to the line of Ryan Nash with Goldman Sachs.
Ryan, your line is open.
Ryan Nash, Analyst at Goldman Sachs
Hey, good morning, guys. Clark. Maybe to start on the net interest margin—
Chris Gorman, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Hey, Ryan, it's Chris. We can't hear you.
Ryan Nash, Analyst at Goldman Sachs
Can you hear me now, Chris?
Chris Gorman, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Yes, sorry about that. You started to talk about NIM and then you faded out. Sorry about that.
Ryan Nash, Analyst at Goldman Sachs
So I was saying, what drove the main pieces that drove the NIM miss? I know you talked about the decision to use some wholesale funding and some lower loan yields, and then maybe just talk about what's embedded in reaching the 3.05, including deposit costs, fixed-rate asset repricing, and any other impacts you think we could see that happened this quarter that may not repeat. Thank you. And I have a follow-up.
Chris Gorman, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Yeah, well, Ryan, first of all, thanks for the question. Let me just make a quick brief comment. You know, NIM is clearly an important metric for us, but as you can imagine, what we're most intensely focused on is our long-term return targets, by the way, both of which are still intact. So, Clark, you can maybe step us through the detail.
Clark Khayat, Executive Vice President and Chief Strategy Officer
Thanks for the question, Ryan. So maybe first, just to remind everyone, NIM was up in the quarter, just not up maybe as much as we would have expected, but maybe just a couple factors in Q2. So stronger loan growth than we expected through the quarter. We obviously covered that. I think the loans we put on came in at a higher credit quality and therefore a little bit tighter spread. So bigger balance sheet, a little bit tighter spread. And then overnight, SOFR was down about 4 basis points in the quarter.
So put all those together, you know, again, a little bit bigger balance sheet, a little thinner margin. We had a known seasonal low in deposit. So as we told you, troughing in late May, that happened sort of as expected. But with the timing of that loan growth, it created a little bit larger funding need in the period. And we chose to fill that with wholesale funds rather than reprice the client deposit base because the expectation is we're going to see some good deposit growth here in the second half.
So as you transition, then what gets us confident that we'll go from where we are to 3% — and you hit most of the elements there, Ryan — but about 9 billion of fixed asset repricing coming in the back half with a pickup of about one and a quarter percent. As I mentioned, solid client deposit growth — about 2% or 3 billion in the second half, largely from core operating deposits. So, you know, should be very solid growth with good relative pricing.
And because that's coming, as I noted, you know, that's why we chose to bridge with short-term wholesale funds. And then while we do expect loan growth, we would expect it to moderate off the first half pace. And some of that is just not that client activity will be down, but it will be a mix between the balance sheet and the market. So put all those together and I think what we see is a path to 3% plus with what we think is relatively low execution risk based on what's in front of us today.
The last piece I'd say just on deposit cost is if rates are stable, we would expect deposit costs through the period to be pretty stable. If we see a hike, as is sort of becoming more probable, I guess from the market standpoint, we would see deposit costs start to drift up a little bit, but we'll get the offset in loan yields and frankly don't think that'll be really impactful in the back half of ’26.
Ryan Nash, Analyst at Goldman Sachs
Got it. And then maybe as my follow-up, Chris, it seems that results on investment banking fell a little bit shy of expectations. You know, we're obviously seeing strong results across the industry. I know 1Q was a record, but maybe just talk about what drove the miss. And then when you look at pipelines, you mentioned you expect to be up 20% in 3Q. Maybe just talk about expectations that are embedded for the back half of the year.
Chris Gorman, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Thank you. Sure. Well, thanks for the question. And we did come up short of what we had anticipated in the quarter. We obviously came off a great first quarter and we're coming off strong comps in 2025. Having said that, you know, we remain confident that we'll have the ability to grow mid-single digit. In the first half we completed about 366 million and so we're up about 4%. So as we mentioned, the pipelines are very, very strong. We're up 9% linked quarter, up 31% year over year.
And as you know, Ryan, there tends to be some seasonality in this business and that particularly in these middle market deals, a lot of people want to get them closed by year-end. That's just a natural thing. So over time we always see a step up in the back half of the year. When you mentioned that people were having great quarters — and indeed they are — what's interesting is to date there's been a real bifurcation between large deals and the middle market deals.
Transaction volume is actually down 24% year to date. However, the value, believe it or not, is up 83%. So as you can see, a real skew sort of to larger deals. I feel good about how we're positioned. It's not as though any of these deals fell apart; they got pushed out, which often happens in due diligence, etc. And when I speak about pipelines, these are engaged deals that people are spending valuable time and money on. So people are invested in these deals.
I think we'll see them come out in the back half of the year. The last comment I would make — and this sounds kind of counterintuitive; Clark just commented on the interest rate environment — I think in a higher-for-longer environment, when people think that rates are either going to be higher for longer or potentially even go up — today the 10-year is obviously around 4.6 — I think that's actually a better climate to get deals done than a climate where people are anticipating a bunch of rate cuts and tend to kind of sit on the sidelines.
So that might be more than you're looking for, but that's how I'm thinking about the business.
Ryan Nash, Analyst at Goldman Sachs
Thanks for all the color, Chris.
Megan, Operator
Thank you, Ryan. Our next question will go to the line of Ibrahim Poonawalla with Bank of America. Ibrahim, your line is open.
Ibrahim Poonawalla, Analyst at Bank of America
Hey, good morning. I guess maybe on this whole NIM versus NII debate, Chris and Clark, you said something — willing to trade NIM to add clients with a strong return profile. Maybe unpack that for us, that if loan growth is stronger, my read is there's incrementally pressure on the NIM. But as a management team, how do you think about that in the framework of the 16% to 18% ROTC that you want to hit over the medium term? Just contextualize how long does it take to make up for that NIM that you give up to drive growth on the fee side, or how we should think about the timeline there.
Chris Gorman, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Yeah, so it's a great question and I don't think our target of 15-plus by 12/31/27 is in conflict with growing the business, generating more NII, generating more EPS. We are very targeted on who we want to do business with and we're fortunate enough to bring a lot of these new-to-client customers onto the balance sheet. We have — to put it in perspective — about 58% of our C&I loans are investment grade. So obviously, and I've said this many times, you usually start by providing some capital, but in order to get the kind of returns that we have to get, we've got to do a lot more things for them, and usually that takes a bit of time.
But I don't think it's a trade that's in conflict. I actually think growing the business with our targeted customers is actually helpful on our long-term path to achieve the kind of returns on tangible common equity that we're looking for.
Ibrahim Poonawalla, Analyst at Bank of America
Got it. And I guess maybe just to follow up, you mentioned the 2% deposit growth in the back half. Looks like you have a pretty decent line of sight in terms of what's coming through. How should we then think about, one, if there's any more color on that deposit growth — drivers of that — and then just, Chris, to your point about the 15% ROTC by fourth quarter ’27, do we still feel good about the margin being the 3.25% plus that you've talked about in the past?
Thank you.
Clark Khayat, Executive Vice President and Chief Strategy Officer
Yeah, so Ibrahim, it's Clark. Thanks for the question. So we do have, we think, very good visibility on that deposit growth. It will be largely commercial in nature and, you know, connected to relationship clients with whom we have very tight interaction. So, you know, as we see that there is a seasonal build in the commercial book, I think that's pretty broadly known, and again we have very good line of sight, again, on what we think is a rich pool of operating deposits coming through and again appropriately priced.
We think some of that won't, you know, won't all be non-interest bearing, for example. Some of that will be interest-bearing, some of that will be in our hybrid accounts, etc. But we sort of like the profile of that, for sure. As it relates to the 15% return in fourth quarter ’27 and the related NIM target, what I'd say is, you know, just to reiterate Chris's point, at the end of the day returns really are the most important thing we're looking at over time and making them sustainable.
That is not to say NIM is not an important factor and something, you know, that we keep track of. And at this point, there's nothing that would tell us we have concerns about hitting either of those targets in Q4 of ’27.
Ibrahim Poonawalla, Analyst at Bank of America
Very good. Thank you.
Megan, Operator
Thank you, Ibrahim. Our next question will go to the line of Chris McGrady with KBW. Chris, your line is open.
Chris McGrady, Analyst at KBW
Oh, great. Good morning, everybody. Clark or Chris, the operating leverage comment — obviously it's very wide this year. I'm interested in, I guess, sustainability and, again, what's factored into the medium term in terms of operating leverage. Can you continue to generate operating leverage into next year?
Clark Khayat, Executive Vice President and Chief Strategy Officer
Yeah. Hey, Chris, it's Clark. Look, again, assuming a constructive macro environment, we feel very good about that. I think we have demonstrated over time we can manage expenses very effectively. And as Chris has noted a few times here, we like the pipelines, the current status of the business and the momentum going forward. So if you put those two together, we do feel comfortable that we can drive operating leverage going forward. We have talked before about kind of long-term expense growth and we think we're, you know, we're a little bit — we were a little bit higher last year.
We're still going to be kind of above that long-term target but gliding to that over time. And that's a combination of, you know, continuous improvement efforts and finding opportunities to reinvest in the business, understanding that, you know, you got to cover inflation and people and some of the other costs. So, you know, there's nothing again in our, in our crystal ball, as good or bad as it may be, that tells us, you know, we're concerned about not being able to deliver that sustainably.
By the way, that's, you know, while we're investing significantly in the business, whether it's hiring or the billion dollars we're going to spend this year on tech and ops.
Chris McGrady, Analyst at KBW
Got it. Okay, wonderful. And then, Chris, on the buyback, you reiterated the billion three at least this year. Obviously we have the Basel proposals that will be a tailwind. But I'm interested in just your views of the toggle between what appears to be strengthening growth and returning capital. I know you had a comment in the release about return on and return of capital. Thanks.
Chris Gorman, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Sure. So our capital priorities remain unchanged, Chris. The first is to support our clients and our prospects. And that's where we're going to focus. Secondly, what I just mentioned, we're going to continue to invest heavily in the business because we think there's a great opportunity. Third would be our dividend and then lastly would be share repurchases. Obviously we have an abundance of capital right now. We think if Basel III plays out the way it's currently described, we'll be the beneficiary under some timeline of another 100 basis points.
But we haven't given any guidance yet with respect to 2027.
Clark Khayat, Executive Vice President and Chief Strategy Officer
The only thing I'd add there is, you know, as you noted, Chris, on track for the 1.3. We're a little bit ahead of schedule. I would just sort of assume kind of 300 million a quarter in the back half, which gets us just north of that number. But I think maybe the takeaway there is less about the number and more about just a methodical, thoughtful kind of quarter-by-quarter approach, which, you know, may not get us exactly to the place we want to be quickly, but I think gives us maximum flexibility to support clients as that evolves and obviously to absorb any macro deterioration that might happen.
Chris Gorman, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
And the other thing I would add to the discussion is we basically have reaffirmed the target of 9.5 to 10 on a marked basis. We think that's the right amount of capital. Having said that, we wouldn't be adverse to going below that, you know, from time to time if we needed to, because we're generating a lot of capital.
Megan, Operator
Thank you. Thank you. Thank you, Chris. Our next question will go to the line of Erika Najarian with UBS. Erika, your line is open.
Erika Najarian, Analyst
Hi, good morning. My first question is from—hi, my first question is for you, Clark. You know, clearly, you know, the stock is opening lower and I'm wondering if it's just a lower exit rate, you know, as we think about that path to 325 and obviously, you know, fully hear everybody loud and clear that, you know, client growth is way more important than just NIM. How much of the path from let's call it 302 in 4Q of '26 to 325 is "baked" relative to the balance sheet dynamics that you see.
So I guess what the market is trying to figure out in terms of the initial reaction is how safe is consensus EPS for '27 relative to the NIM outlook?
Clark Khayat, Executive Vice President and Chief Strategy Officer
Yeah, great question, Erika. So one, and I'm not being flippant at all, I think the difference between 305 and 3 to 305 isn't significant enough to get people, or shouldn't be significant enough to get people, concerned about the full year '27. And obviously we haven't provided full guidance for '27, which we'll do as we get through the year. But I think to your question, and just to start sort of broadly on the structural piece, between now and 12/31 of '27, we're looking at about $30 billion of fixed-rate asset repricing across the swap book, securities, and consumer mortgages.
So, you know, again, that's pretty well baked as you can imagine. And assuming the rate environment is what it is today, the returns on that are pretty solid. We continue, starting in the second half year, to see good paths to operating deposit growth, which obviously helps on the funding optimization side going forward. And, you know, we'll see where loan growth goes from here. But obviously it has been strong, and we will continue to play in that as it makes sense.
So I think just all around, you know, we feel very good about that path. We think, you know, our view I think would be rates are probably relatively flat in the back half year, but certainly if there are hikes, we are prepared to manage those as well and think that the 325 will remain intact.
Erika Najarian, Analyst
Thanks. And I'll follow up offline to unpack that a little bit more. Chris, my second question is: where are we in the middle market investment banking cycle? So I think there has been hope that this capital markets renaissance, which is starting with large cap and strategics, is going to be multi-year. And I guess as we think about middle market activity, how much is Key tied to sponsors versus how much is just tied to maybe sort of a lag in sentiment and proactiveness in terms of middle market activity.
Chris Gorman, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Great question, Erika. I think the middle market activity is lagging the large activity, and I think what I mentioned earlier about interest rates I think has been a factor. I think what's been going on, frankly, in the present private credit market has been a factor for us. Forty percent of our fees are driven by private equity. And as you know, it's pretty well documented that the exits have been fewer and a lot more stretched out. So I think we are in the early innings of, to use your words, the renaissance of middle market M&A. I'm actually very, very encouraged by what I see. And as you know, as long as there's an inverse relationship between hold period and cash-on-cash return, eventually those transactions will come out.
Erika Najarian, Analyst
Thank you for that, guys.
Chris Gorman, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Thank you.
Megan, Operator
Thank you, Erika. Our next question will go to the line of Manon Ghassalia with Morgan Stanley. Manon, your line is open.
Manon Ghassalia, Analyst at Morgan Stanley
Hi, good morning, Clark. You made the point that lower loan spreads are coming from pivoting to higher-quality clients. I guess a number of banks have made that comment this quarter. The question is, what do you see that is driving that? Is it more demand related to capex and AI-related investment spend from larger clients, or is it something else?
Clark Khayat, Executive Vice President and Chief Strategy Officer
Yeah, I mean, it's a great question, Manon. I think it is consistent with, you know, the industries we're in and the clients we target. And frankly, you know, our book historically has been a little bit more investment grade just given our capital markets platform because those are the clients that tend to need those capabilities. So I don't know if it's a—you know, you've heard that across the industry. I don't know if it's a broad or sustained trend, but at least for us, you know, those are the deals that we saw in the quarter that were very consistent with our targeted approach.
And, you know, we're happy to serve those clients more broadly than just the lending, obviously. And, you know, it helps the credit profile turnover as well.
Chris Gorman, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
You know, for example, a lot of the credit that's being provided is for the buildout of the electrical infrastructure in this country. One of the things that AI has made abundantly clear is that there's a massive shortage both of power generation and distribution. And as you can well imagine, we are a significant player in that. And specifically, the people that are market leaders in that are very significant companies, for example.
Clark Khayat, Executive Vice President and Chief Strategy Officer
Yeah, and I guess maybe the other element I might raise is, you know, we had some growth in our REIT portfolio which was almost entirely investment grade in nature. So again, it is tied to Chris's point and the REIT point to pockets of real targeted scale for us.
Manon Ghassalia, Analyst at Morgan Stanley
Got it. And maybe as a related question, Chris, in your response to Ibrahim's question, you spoke about it taking some time for the fees and other higher returning businesses coming through from some of the new clients. What's your level of conviction that you can bring in that business over the next year or so? I guess the reason I'm asking that question is a couple of years ago we just went through a round across the industry for running off some of the lower-returning lending-only relationships.
So maybe if you can unpack on why you have more conviction on bringing in those fee-based businesses this time around.
Chris Gorman, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Sure. So I guess the easy part of that question are with our existing customers where every six months we go through a deep dive on all of our significant exposure. What are we getting in addition to the credit exposure? What are we pitching? And this is a discipline that we've had for a long time. You've probably heard me speak before, that a properly graded commercial loan can't return its cost of capital. And that's why we're so committed to, you know, this targeted scale approach by industry.
With respect to the new clients, we expect to hit our return hurdles and we expect to hit them within 12 to 18 months. And we're looking at those every six months. And so it's just, it's a lot of discipline, but it's something that, as you know, we've been at for a long time and we don't—we don't bat a thousand. There'll be some that we don't get the kind of returns that we expect to, and we will exit those. But we have a pretty good track record, particularly with our focus by industry group, where we can do a lot more for these companies with respect to payments, hedging, advisory, et cetera.
Manon Ghassalia, Analyst at Morgan Stanley
Got it. Thank you.
Megan, Operator
Thank you, Manon. Our next question will go to the line of John Pinchari with Evercore ISI. John, your line is open.
John Pinchari, Analyst at Evercore ISI
Morning. Good morning. On the—back to the loan growth that, you know, towards higher quality but lower yielding. Again, you know, to the answer to Manon's question, is there at all an intentional shift on your part focusing on these borrowers, or is it more of a market shift where you're seeing this? And related to that, are you avoiding any pockets of lending, whether it be NDFI-related or areas like that, just given the backdrop? And then maybe can you just talk about loan pricing competition—Is there outright intensification around new loan yields that you're seeing impact this?
Chris Gorman, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Yeah. So first of all, where we focus—it's easier to talk about where we focus than where we don't focus—because we're really focused on seven industry verticals. And so within those verticals, we feel like we understand kind of who the winners are, who the losers are, who's gaining share, who's losing share, etc. So we're very focused on those industry verticals. Because we're focused on those industry verticals, as those companies grow, a greater percentage of them become investment-grade companies, and we continue to serve them.
So that's really—it's all about our industry focus, which is a bit unique to us. With respect to a similarly graded credit, if you look at kind of spreads over SOFR, you know, from a year ago to present, there's some degradation, but it's not that significant. John, candidly, it still goes back to my basic premise that if you're going to provide capital, you better be able to do a lot of other things because you're never going to get your returns based on the spreads today or last year.
Clark Khayat, Executive Vice President and Chief Strategy Officer
And maybe just two additions, John. One, on NDFI, we noted we're up about 600 million in the quarter. We don't really avoid that. We like the—we don't actually think about it as a thing other than when we report it and answer questions on it. We did grow our REIT business in the quarter that is in the NDFI category. We grew our specialty finance lending business a little bit—call it 100 million or so—so not hugely significant. We're not shying away from those for the purposes of avoiding the NDFI designation.
We are not doing deals that don't make sense for us. So specialty finance lending in particular over the past few years, we have walked away from a handful of things that just didn't make sense to us. So it's not a function of, you know, the categorization at all. We're just—we're trying to make good, thoughtful underwriting decisions in those cases.
Chris Gorman, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Just one other thing. A lot of times people conflate NDFI with private credit. So our NDFI numbers are more than twice what our private credit numbers are. And within private credit there's SFL, but we have a—we have unitranche, we have our real estate lenders, and we also have some other things like insurance companies. Just some background.
John Pinchari, Analyst at Evercore ISI
Got it. Okay, thanks for that. And then separately, back to the margin, just want to get a little bit more color around your—I mean, you cited the confidence in that 4Q exit rate. You cited that you see low execution risk. Just what about the second-quarter margin performance that surprised you negatively is now less likely to surprise you again? Just is it the—was it that the type of growth that you saw, or the spreads, or the rate backdrop? Maybe if you could just talk to us, like why should we not worry about that as you cited the low execution risk on that exit NIM? Thanks.
Clark Khayat, Executive Vice President and Chief Strategy Officer
Yeah, so fair question. I think it's really the mismatch in timing between the asset growth and the deposit levels in the quarter. So you trough in mid-May and again we troughed sort of at the time and at the levels we expected, we just had larger client balances on the loan side at that time. So to the extent loan growth does slow a bit—and again, just to be clear, I don't mean client activity is slowing, just loan growth—we think will be a little lighter as the capital markets activity picks up.
But given that we believe we can fill the funding stack with quality deposits here, that's really the biggest difference. And it's—if the loan growth that we expect to see for the year had come in uniformly, I think you would see a smoother kind of movement in NIM.
John Pinchari, Analyst at Evercore ISI
Okay, appreciate that, Clark. Thanks. Yep.
Megan, Operator
Thank you, John. Our next question will go to the line of Matthew O'Connor with Deutsche Bank. Matthew, your line is open.
Matthew O'Connor, Analyst at Deutsche Bank
Good morning. I was hoping you guys could elaborate on the small deal that you did within the investment bank in terms of what product or what exactly it's adding.
Chris Gorman, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Sure, Matt, I'd be happy to speak to that. So the business that we announced, it's a company that we had a JV with for the last six years. And so it's an M&A boutique, basically. And it's important when you're representing companies in the States, that you have distribution in the UK and on the continent. And conversely, obviously people selling their business in Europe want to have access to, among other things, the private equity buyers in the United States.
So not many JVs really work that well in the financial services industry. This is one where we work together. We've worked on many deals over the last six years and as a consequence, we were able to put together the deal. I think it is both for offense and defensive purposes. And I think it will be a good buttress to our leading M&A practice.
Matthew O'Connor, Analyst at Deutsche Bank
And then maybe more broadly speaking, I mean, everyone's kind of leaning into the capital markets banking set of businesses. Is there an argument that you want to be a little more diversified? You've got obviously the strength in the middle market, which, as you alluded to earlier, has not been as strong as some of the bigger kind of transactions out there. Just thoughts on if you need to branch out a little bit from your current expertise.
Chris Gorman, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Yeah, we're always looking. Thank you for the question. We're always looking at other industry verticals where we think we could be really relevant. And we also, as you know, have done, I think, a really good job of expanding our core middle market business in new cities that we haven't been in in the past. So we're always looking at where. And usually it's something that is an adjacency or tangential to what we're doing. But you can expect we'll continue to look for opportunities where there's big pockets of potential fees where we think we have a good opportunity to win.
Matthew O'Connor, Analyst at Deutsche Bank
Okay, thank you.
Chris Gorman, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Thank you, Matt.
Megan, Operator
Thank you, Matthew. Our next question will go to the line of Mike Mayo with Wells Fargo.
Chris Gorman, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Hey, Mike.
Mike Mayo, Analyst at Wells Fargo
So I'm not sure if your forecast will be correct. First, that you'll have 2% deposit growth with flat deposit rates. So that's the first point where I guess I'm questioning if you'll be. If we'll be on the third quarter earnings call or the fourth quarter earnings call and go well, it didn't quite play out the way we thought. And the other thing I'm not sure is if you'll. That 40% of fees driven by private equity is actually going to translate to something in investment banking. We've been hearing that for three years from you and everybody else. And the big banks had investment banking go up 50% year over year. Yours is down 5%. So I do think, like you said, that's kind of important.
I did hear you that it should be up 20% plus in the third quarter, but two pushbacks, deposit growth, 2% and then private equity investment banking fees coming back. Thank you.
Chris Gorman, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Sure. Well, let me touch on the 2% because it's something we haven't talked about on this call, but I think it's important. So about 10 years ago on the commercial side, we became very, very focused on primacy. 82% of our deposits, we have primacy. And the reason I share that is those same companies have other deposits that are elsewhere. We talk to, they are our client. We know where the deposits are, we know what they cost, and we know we could go get them. So I just, I give you that kind of as a backdrop because we're really tight on our disciplines around that with respect to giving you additional confidence, Mike, with respect to our investment banking numbers. You know, as I said, these pipelines are real. Timing of investment banking deals, as you know, is always a challenge.
If you look at our long term compound annual growth rate, I think you'll see that, you know, it's been very, very significant. We're coming off a record year. Last year, we're coming off a record first quarter. I think we've given some pretty conservative numbers and it's our job to go out there and deliver those and. And we will. Clark, what would you add to the 2% question?
Clark Khayat, Executive Vice President and Chief Strategy Officer
Yeah, so, Mike, fair pushback, I would say, as it relates to the operating deposit growth, some of that we know is coming from new clients we've added in the year. And those operating deposits will come on. They don't come on necessarily on day one. So we see the process of them coming on. The second is just the visibility we have into standard client flows over the course of the year. And there is some seasonality to that. We've got, to Chris's point, years of data that would support that. So we feel good about it. But we can have this rematch on the third quarter call when we're ready to be clear on the pricing though. Because I just want to make sure we're all saying the same thing. That assumes relatively stable deposit pricing for us, assumes no hikes. If there are hikes, we're obviously going to feel that in the deposit cost base.
So we're not trying to say we're going to keep deposit prices flat if there is a hike. My point was that that will be relatively neutral from an impact standpoint on NII and NIM in the back half of the year. So we think we can insulate ourselves through Q4 if there is a hike or two. If there isn't or if there aren't any, we would expect deposit pricing to be relatively stable. So just wanted to be quick.
Mike Mayo, Analyst at Wells Fargo
Okay. And one, follow up on the investment banking and Chris, I know you built that business and once again, 40% of fees from private equity and again it's you and everybody else who've talked about sponsors coming back for at least the last three years and we're just waiting. And one big competitor said, hey, they're starting to see momentum and I don't know, do you really think it's going to come back at some point or do you have any evidence that is picking up a little bit and do you really need it to come back for kind of a kind of greater acceleration and you know, for your C&I loan growth.
I think what you've said is the new normal is that your clients are used to the geopolitical uncertainties. They're pursuing their capital expenditures and building their plants and they're getting their equipment and all that. So why wouldn't that new normal also apply to middle market M&A? Thank you.
Chris Gorman, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Sure. So the direct question is we do need, because I mentioned it's 40% of of the business with financial sponsors. We do need that to come back. I am confident that it will come back. Looking both at our specific pipelines, these are engaged pipelines and also what we're out there in the market with. And I think your comments with respect to loans is true. And what we've seen, and you saw it in the bifurcation between the big banks and the folks like us that are really focused on the middle market is the big companies moved first.
That's why we were just talking about, you know, the significant year over year. We have 12% C&I loan growth, mostly investment grade year over year real estate. We've got a backlog now. We expect pipelines to be up 18% from, they're up 18% from year end. So we're still starting to see this activity. And I just think the middle market and frankly the private equity, the private equity holders are the last to move. And as I said earlier, I think one of the reasons they're the last to move is they try to optimize when they look for an exit.
But you can only optimize so long before to generate the kind of returns that you need to so you can raise the next fund. You've got to come out. So thank you for the follow up.
Mike Mayo, Analyst at Wells Fargo
All right, thank you.
Megan, Operator
Thank you, Mike. Our next question will go to the line of Gerard Cassidy with RBC. Oh, my apologies. The next question is actually from Ken Usdin from Autonomous. Ken, your line is open.
Ken Usdin, Analyst at Autonomous
Okay, great, thank you. Would never take the place of Gerard. Two quick follow ups. One on the deposit side just I know you've given us some color now about expected growth and there was the transactional stuff in the second quarter, but can you just talk about non interest bearing mix? Should we be thinking more about the second quarter average as a, as a growth point and then related just on the consumer deposit side, can you just talk about, you know, ins and outs with regards to either maturing CDs and underlying account growth. Thanks.
Clark Khayat, Executive Vice President and Chief Strategy Officer
Yeah, so thanks for the question, Ken. If I look at interest bearing, non interest bearing in the second quarter, I would think about that as kind of flattish through the back half. So as we have talked about before and I referenced a little bit earlier, some of those operating deposits come on as interest bearing, albeit at relatively low rates or in the hybrid accounts which we do try to adjust for. But I would expect non interest bearing as a percentage again to be relatively flat in the back half. But the quality of the operating deposits coming on are quite strong on the consumer side. You know, we talked about 3% household growth in the second quarter. We continue to see some positive growth there. That's you know, core checking accounts coming on in the, you know, thousands of dollars at a time.
So that takes time to build and then I do think we'll, we'll see a little bit of pickup in CD and MMDA production here in the second half. So we have gone out in a few select markets with a little bit higher rates than we've had over the last four, five quarters. And so we would expect a little bit of pickup, but I wouldn't expect that to be the lion's share of the deposit growth.
Ken Usdin, Analyst at Autonomous
Got it. Great. And just one, one other question on credit. In your prepared remarks you put a fine point on the potential resolution of some of the bigger NPAs in the back half. I just wonder if you could just give us a little bit more granularity on. You had talked about this in conference season, about how you were watching a couple of things. So you know, just want to understand obviously the reserve went down. You mentioned that the underlying still feels really strong and so just any points you can further on giving us the confidence that, you know, that that loss content is quite low and that the direction of travel on NPA should be positive.
Clark Khayat, Executive Vice President and Chief Strategy Officer
Yeah. So let me maybe just make a broad comment about the reserve and then Mo can hit some of the more fine points here. So one, you know, we released despite the NPAs being up because generally the overall health of the portfolio is improving. Some of that is the, you know, higher credit quality we talked about. Some of that is other charge off and resolutions that have happened throughout the year. And some of that is just economic, continued sort of constructive economic profile.
So when we look at that, our quantitative measures would have actually called for a significantly larger release just given some of the geopolitical uncertainty we still feel out there. And some of the, you know, again some of maybe the lack of clarity on path forward caused us to overlay some qualitative build there and just, you know, reduce the size of that. So if it were purely quantitative here, we would have released quite a bit more. We just didn't feel like that was appropriate given the broad environment.
But we generally again feel quite good about the strength of the overall balance sheet.
Mo Ramani, Chief Risk Officer
Yeah, thanks, Clark. And just to continue that theme relative to credit, again, I think as you all know, we have a very proactive risk culture in terms of risk identification. We did see an uptick in credit class and NPL, but really kind of based on a few factors. First of all, none of the migration was private credit related, and so we don't think that this is a harbinger of anything from a macro perspective that we are overly concerned about. But we had some names in the multifamily space, consumer goods, and then our agriculture book that just from a timing perspective happened to land this quarter.
Again, as we mentioned, when we see signs of migration, we act quickly because we also think that helps us from a resolution perspective. We do have specific reserves against our NPLs, which again is why we feel relatively confident that from an NCO guide perspective, we're still on track for our 40 to 45 basis points for the year. And again, just some other little tidbits: the multifamily space, again, very strong. We've got sponsors with equity in those deals.
You know, we expect quick resolutions. So again, not a lot of loss content there. Consumer, just sort of episodic with a couple names. And then agriculture just given, you know, some of the fuel and fertilizer and labor dynamics there as well. But overall we don't feel like a lot of loss content relative to this move.
Ken Usdin, Analyst at Autonomous Research
Thanks for all that. Yep.
Megan, Operator
Thank you, Ken. The next question will come from the line of Gerard Cassidy with RBC. Gerard, your line is now open.
Gerard Cassidy, Analyst at RBC Capital Markets
Hi Chris and Clark.
Chris Gorman, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Is this the real Gerard?
Gerard Cassidy, Analyst at RBC Capital Markets
Ken? Smarter. That was good to have him go first. The question, Chris, is just a bigger picture question. Obviously the AI industry in this country is on fire. It's doing phenomenally well. It's growing by leaps and bounds and everybody is benefiting from it, it seems like. So my question is I'm always looking at the second derivative or third derivative of a strong industry because eventually the industry will slow down rate of growth. That second derivative is certainly going to slow down.
Have you guys been able to start preparing for credits that are not directly. I know you're not building data centers with construction loans, but what are the second derivative customers that aside from the HVAC guys and plumbers that you may see have actually exposed to AI and when it slows down may lead to some issues with them down the road. Have you guys tried to map that out or how will you map it out?
Chris Gorman, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
That's a great question. We have spent time, I'm not going to tell you that we're completely mapped out on it, but we spend time talking about it. Let me talk about where I think the trajectory is going to continue for a while and then by definition, eventually, as they say, trees don't grow to the sky. So eventually there will be a reversal, but in the near term. And when I say near term, I'm talking about a five year period. One of the things, and I mentioned it earlier on the call, one of the things that this has laid bare is just the absolute shortage of electrons in the United States.
We have a shortage of power and we have a shortage of distribution. I've actually been very involved in this for the last couple years in a couple of business groups I'm part of. And so I think that is going to continue, Gerard, literally for a long time. And I think the problem existed before, but it was exacerbated by the fact that these obviously huge data centers take down in some instances as much power as a small city. So that is on the positive side.
So we're looking at that. And I just wonder when the build out will finally end and kind of how that will play out. More near term is, you know, things like software companies. You know, we have fortunately less than about $300 million of exposure direct to software companies, in spite of the fact we have a good tech business. That's an area that we're worried about. Other areas that we're taking a look at are professional services areas. Think about lawyers, consultants, accountants.
You know, there's no question that large language models are most easily applied in some of those instances. So that's the kind of discussions we've been having, you know, around our table here.
Mo Ramani, Chief Risk Officer
And just from a portfolio rigor perspective, again we conduct quarterly portfolio reviews and we are looking for emerging risk hotspots. So this is something your question about second derivative is actually perfect because those are the types of things that we're thinking about as well.
Chris Gorman, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Thanks, Mo. Anything else?
Gerard Cassidy, Analyst at RBC Capital Markets
I appreciate that. Yeah, real quick, just coming back to Mo for a second. I know you mentioned the multifamily credit, but in those other—and you guys have strong credits so I'm not terribly concerned about that today—but I'm curious, those two other credits, was it because the customers were over-levered or did they lose a big customer of theirs that hit their cash flow? But I'm just curious what happened in those idiosyncratic issues that you guys have identified.
Thank you.
Mo Ramani, Chief Risk Officer
Yeah, no, great question, Gerard. One was just a consumer name that was being impacted by tariffs, multi-bank deal. And so again we actually expect a probably formal resolution later this year, but it was a company that filed for bankruptcy. So again we sort of view that as—it was tariff related but sort of idiosyncratic relative to that space. And I do think again consumer probably is going to be still a choppy area relative to, as you think about not only the K-shaped economy, but certain types of, you know, businesses as well.
And so we're again increasingly selective there relative to the portfolio. But that was really the driver. And then the ag deal was really—we have some ag exposure that is in western Washington. And the biggest challenge there, obviously people talk about fuel, they talk about fertilizer. The biggest challenge is workers. There are just not enough workers to properly do the farming. And just as an add-on, since it's topical, we have no exposure to lettuce farming.
So typically our ag book is, again, potatoes and other things you might find in the Pacific Northwest.
Clark Khayat, Executive Vice President and Chief Strategy Officer
I think the market for consumer, consumer market at this point, Gerard, is Amazon, COVID, and tariffs, like back to back to back. So the guys who are hanging in there are resilient and durable, and that's a lot to ask for any industry.
Gerard Cassidy, Analyst at RBC Capital Markets
I agree with you, Clark. Absolutely. Thank you.
Megan, Operator
Thank you, Gerard. Our next question will go to the line of David Chiavarini with Jefferies. David, your line is open.
David Chiavarini, Analyst at Jefferies
Hi. Thanks for tailing questions on fee income. Good momentum in payments and wealth, up 8% collectively year over year. Could you talk about the outlook there and drivers of that growth?
Clark Khayat, Executive Vice President and Chief Strategy Officer
Yeah. So let's start with payments. You know, we've been investing in payments for a long time. Places like embedded banking, that's been a double-digit grower for us for each of the last few years, and we project it to be a double-digit grower for us as we go forward. So we've got a lot of traction there. With respect to our wealth business, that's a strong business. We're at $74 billion of AUM. We show that is up 9% year over year. But if you really looked at the fees related to wealth management, those are growing at about 14%.
So that's a business we feel good about. And we've been very focused, as I mentioned, since 2023 on this massive flow space, which we think is a sort of an unmet need out there in the marketplace.
David Chiavarini, Analyst at Jefferies
And then on deposit pricing, it sounds like it's very rate dependent. But how would you characterize the competitive environment in your markets—more intense or about the same versus, say, three to six months ago?
Clark Khayat, Executive Vice President and Chief Strategy Officer
Good question. So when we talk about our markets, it's a little challenging to have one answer because we really view ourselves as being in three different geographic markets between the Northeast, the Midwest, and the Pacific Northwest or the West. They do operate a little bit differently. They do have a slightly different competitive set. I would say there are certain places where it has been much more intense from the beginning of the year. I think that's owing to some unique circumstances of the competitive set.
But, you know, I think given the loan growth and the rate environment combination, we are definitely seeing again throughout the year a little bit more deposit intensity in general. But the rate sensitivity comment, again just to be clear, is really just the betas that are going to follow from any Fed move. So we're not necessarily thinking about the rates in a flat environment moving meaningfully from where they are today.
David Chiavarini, Analyst at Jefferies
Very helpful. Thank you.
Megan, Operator
Thank you, David. That concludes our Q and A session. I would now like to pass the conference call over to our CEO Christopher Gorman for any closing remarks.
Chris Gorman, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Well thank you, Megan, and thank you all for joining our call today. We appreciate your continued interest in Key. If you have any additional questions, please do not hesitate to reach out directly to Troy or others on the investor relations team. Thank you all. The meeting is now adjourned.
Megan, Operator
That concludes today's conference call. Thank you for your participation and enjoy the rest of your day.
Disclaimer: This transcript is provided for informational purposes only. While we strive for accuracy, there may be errors or omissions in this automated transcription. For official company statements and financial information, please refer to the company's SEC filings and official press releases. Corporate participants' and analysts' statements reflect their views as of the date of this call and are subject to change without notice.
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